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Health Promotion Plan – Teen Pregnancy
Bullying.
Teen Pregnancy.
LGBTQIA + Health.
Sudden Infant Death (SID).
Immunization.
Tobacco use (include all: vaping, e-cigarettes, hookah, chewing tobacco, and smoking) cessation.
Introduction
Historically, nurses have made significant contributions to community and public health with regard to health promotion, disease prevention, and environmental and public safety. They have also been instrumental in shaping public health policy. Today, community and public health nurses have a key role in identifying and developing plans of care to address local, national, and international health issues. The goal of community and public health nursing is to optimize the health of individuals and families, taking into consideration cultural, racial, ethnic groups, communities, and populations. Caring for a population involves identifying the factors that place the population’s health at risk and developing specific interventions to address those factors. The community/public health nurse uses epidemiology as a tool to customize disease prevention and health promotion strategies disseminated to a specific population. Epidemiology is the branch of medicine that investigates causes of various diseases in a specific population (CDC, 2012; Healthy People 2030, n.d.).
As an advocate and educator, the community/public health nurse is instrumental in providing individuals, groups, and aggregates with the tools that are essential for health promotion and disease prevention. There is a connection between one’s quality of life and their health literacy. Health literacy is related to the knowledge, comprehension, and understanding of one’s condition along with the ability to find resources that will treat, prevent, maintain, or cure their condition. Health literacy is impacted by the individual’s learning style, reading level, and the ability understand and retain the information being provided. The individual’s technology aptitude and proficiency in navigating available resources is an essential component to making informed decisions and to the teaching learning process (CDC, 2012; Healthy People 2030, n.d.).
It is essential to develop trust and rapport with community members to accurately identify health needs and help them adopt health promotion, health maintenance, and disease prevention strategies. Cultural, socio-economical, and educational biases need to be taken into consideration when communicating and developing an individualized treatment and educational plan. Social, economic, cultural, and lifestyle behaviors can have an impact on an individual’s health and the health of a community. These behaviors may pose health risks, which may be mitigated through lifestyle/behaviorally-based education. The environment, housing conditions, employment factors, diet, cultural beliefs, and family/support system structure play a role in a person’s levels of risk and resulting health. Assessment, evaluation, and inclusion of these factors provide a basis for the development of an individualized plan. The health professional may use a genogram or sociogram in this process.
" name="description">Different populations can benefit from health promotion. Health promotion seeks to empower a population and allow it to control its health. Health promotion should be tailored to fulfill the unique needs of the target population. Ruralhealthinfo.org (n.d.) reports that health promotion eradicates health concerns by addressing the root causes rather than focusing on managing or treating the problem. This paper discusses teen pregnancy and explains the relevance of health promotion for this problem.
Teen pregnancy impacts various countries globally. UNICEF.org (2022) reports that pregnancies are recorded in approximately fourteen percent of teenage girls annually. The prevalence of teen pregnancy is dependent on the country, location, and socioeconomic status. According to UNICEF.org (2022), teen pregnancies are reported in ten percent of the South Asian population. Teen pregnancies are recorded in 25 percent of the population in southern and eastern Africa, whereas central and western Africa records a prevalence of about 27 percent. UNICEF.org (2022) reports that two births per one thousand girls aged ten to fourteen years were recorded in 2021 globally. The prevalence among girls aged 15 to 19 years was about 43 births per one thousand girls (UNICEF.org, 2022). The birth rates are highest in sub-Saharan Africa and lowest in Central Asia, Europe, and North America (UNICEF.org, 2022).
According to CDC.gov (2021), the birth rate among girls aged 15 to 19 years declined from 17.4 in 2018 to about 16.6 per 1000 girls in 2019. Birthrates declined by about seven percent in girls aged 15 to 17 years and by four percent in those aged between 18 and 19 years. Also, CDC.gov (2021) indicates the existence of disparities in teen pregnancies and birth rates. For instance, about 29.2 cases, 26.2 cases, 25.8 cases, and 25.3 birthrates were recorded among American Indians, Native Hawaiian, African Americans, and Hispanics, respectively. The lowest birth rates have been reported among non-Hispanic Asians and non-Hispanic whites.
Different risk factors increase the likelihood of teen pregnancy. As earlier stated, CDC.gov (2021) identifies an ethnic predilection in teen pregnancies. For instance, teen birth rates in the USA are highest among American Indians, Native Hawaiian, and African Americans and lowest among non-Hispanic Asians (CDC.gov, 2021). Also, Plan-international.org (n.d.) reports that scarcity of reproductive health and sexual education predisposes the population to teen pregnancies. Furthermore, cultural practices such as forced marriages have been linked to teen pregnancy. The other factor is the lack of strong social support systems. For instance, females in foster care have a more than twofold increased risk of pregnancy compared to the general population (CDC.gov, 2021). Kantor et al. (2020) report that laxity among parents and close relatives is another social factor that increases the risk of teen pregnancy.
Teen pregnancy is a significant global concern that necessitates health promotion. To begin with, health promotion should aim to minimize the prevalence of teen pregnancy. Annual estimates from low and moderate-income countries reveal that 21 million pregnancies are recorded among girls aged 15 to 19 years (WHO, 2022). As already mentioned, ten percent of South Asians have teenage pregnancies (UNICEF.org, 2022). Teen pregnancies affect approximately 25 percent of females in South and East Africa and approximately 27 percent of females in Central and West Africa (UNICEF.org, 2022). In 2019, the birth rate among girls aged 15 to 19 years was approximately 16.6 per 1000 girls in the USA (CDC.gov, 2021). Health promotion will allow the public and teenage girls to learn the strategies for mitigating teen pregnancy. By so doing, teen pregnancies and birth rates will decrease.
Health promotion will help to minimize the impact of teen pregnancy. For example, teenage girls are predisposed to medical conditions such as obstetric fistula, stillbirths, eclampsia, miscarriages, and puerperal endometritis (Kantor et al., 2020). These complications increase the mortality rates of teenage mothers. In addition, teenage pregnancy impacts education and increases the likelihood of school dropout (CDC.gov, 2021). The risk of dropping out of school is increased by twofold in pregnant teenage girls compared to the general population (CDC.gov, 2021). The annual cost of teen pregnancy in the USA is at least $11 billion (Youth.gov, n.d.). Therefore, health promotion should be embraced to avert the impact of teen pregnancy on healthcare, education, and the economy.
Various factors impact the health and access to healthcare of pregnant teenage
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